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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



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(Tastle (Garden. 



SASTLE GARDKN is situated on the snot where the Dutch erected Fort Amsterdam in i6i4- Sub- 
sequentl)-, the fort was converted into a public garden, whence its name. It also served for some 
time as a concert hall, and it was here that Jenny Lind made her first appearance before the American 
public. In 1855, Castle Garden was turned into an immigrant depot. The present building was erected 
in 1876, after the fire which destroyed the historic old structure almost entirely. The management of the 
establishment is intrusted to a board of nine commissioners, six of whom are appointed by the 
governor of New York, while the mayor of the city and the presidents of the German and Irish emigrant 
societies complete the board. The bureau is supported entirely by the State of New York at a cost of 
5150,000 per annum. Formerly a ta.\ of $1. 50 per capita was collected by the State from the steamship 
companies, but this tax has been declared illegal by the couris and abolished. The greatest number of 
immigrants landed in Castle Garden in a single year was in 1882, when it amounied very nearly to half a 
million. 



je\u ^ovU gt arbor. 



^^EW YORK HARBOR is entered at Sandy Hook, eighteen miles from the Battery, through two 
channels, twenty-one feet deep at ebb, and thirty-nine at high water, which give access to the 
Outer Bav. The Inner Bay is reached through the Narrows, a passage one mile broad, which is 
formed by the approach of the shores of Long Island and Staten Island. On the former stands Fort 
Hamilton, while Forts Wadsworth and Tompkins keep guard on the Staten Island side. The harbor of 
New York City, it is estimated, can shelter all the navies of the world. Everywhere a forest of masts and 
smoke-stacks meets the eye, and behind these rise the spires and domes of the third capital of the univeri-e, 
and of Brooklyn. The Hudson River on the west, and the East River on the east side of New York, are navi- 
gable far inland for the largest ocean vessels, and offer an unlimited opportunity for wharfing. The water- 
fronts of Jersey City, Hoboken and Brooklyn, belong almost entirely to the shipping interest of New York. 






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feaia^M 




^hc produce g.?chaucic 



*AS organized in 1861, and took possession of its present quarters in 1884. This building is one of 
the architectural features of New York City. It is seen to most advantage from the harbor. The 
edifice is constructed of brick with terra-cotta ornaments, in modified Italian Renaissance style ; 
the porches and base course are of granite. The frontage of the Produce Exchange building measures 
three hundred and seven feet ; its length is one hundred and fifty feet, and it is one hundred and twenty-five 
eet high. The clock-tower at the eastern side of the building is two hundred feet high. The ground floor 
is occupied by the Maritime Exchange, but contains also several large offices and a station of the New 
York Post-office. The great exciiange hall of the building is on the second floor, and measures two 
hundred and fifteen by one hundred and thirty-four feet ; it is sixty feet high. On this floor are also the 
oflTicesof the exchange, committee-rooms, etc. The stories above are divided into considerably over three 
hundred offices. Three porches give access to tli'e building. The membership of the Produce Exchange is 
limited to three thousand. 



Jhc J>tatuc of j;ibcvtiv 



lARTHOLDl'-S Siatue of Liberty Enlightening the World stands on Bedloe's Island at the entrance 
i>f the harbor. Its total height is three hundred and one feet and three inches above the high water 
level. Facing towards the east it welcomes' the incoming vessels, holding high the torch of 
libertv and pressing the tablet of august law to its heart. The statue is made of bronze plates riveted 
too-ether over an iron structure. It weighs four hundred and fifty thousand pounds, the bronze alone 
having a weight of two hundred thousand pounds. .Some of its dimensions given here will serve to give an 
idea of its size : Height from heel to top of head, one hundred and eleven feet six inches. Length of 
hand, sixteen feet five inches. Index finger, eight feet. Length of arm forty-two feet, length of nose four 
feet six inches. The torch will hold twelve people, and forty people can stand comfortably in the head. 
The pedestal is one hundred and fifty- four feet high. The cost of the work complete is estimated at 
$600,000. 



trinity Church. 



fiHE present structure is the third church of that name built on the site on Broadway, opposite Wall 
Street. The land on which it stands was granted to the parish under the reign of William and 
Mary, in 1697. The immense property in real estate, which makes the organization the richest in 
the world, was given to it in 1705, and covered the entire tract between Vesey and Christopher Streets, 
Broadway and the North River. 

The first church was built in 1697, and was entirely rebuilt in 1737. On September 2 2d, 1776, this 
building was destroyed in the great fiie which broke out during the occupation of the city by the English 
troops under Sir William Howe. A new edifice was erected and dedicated in 1790, General Washington 
and his family being present at the ceremonies. This building was torn down in 1839 and replaced by the 
impressive Gothic church of brown sandstone which now rears its spire heavenward. 

The mterior of the church is flooded with a sea of mellow, warm light, which passes through the 
beautiful stained windows and strengthens the impression of venerable antiquity its groined roof and caived 
pillars make. 

The altar and the reredos, which were donated by the sons of William B. .\stor, in memory of their 
father, more than repay a visit to the church. 

Tiie altar is eleven feet long, and is made of white marble. It is divided into panels by shafts of red 
marble supporting the carved capitals. The centre panel is ornamented with a Maltese cross, a head of 
Christ, and the attributes of the four Evangelists. 

The reredos is twenty feet high, and occupies nearly the whole width of the chancel. It is beautifuU 
sculp-.ured, and divided into three bays by buttresses, ornamented with statues of the Apostles. 

The church-yard contains many monuments of historic interest. Alexander Hamilton lies buried 
here, and Captain Lawrence, the hero of the Chesapeake. The "Martyrs' Monument," erected to the 
memory of the patriots who died in British prisons during the Revolutionary war, is situated in the north- 
east corner of the cemetery. 



\ 



'£\xc J^ub-'^vcasuvy 



XS an imposinu; buikiiiig in pure Doric style. The principal entrance is on Wall Street, and has a 
rT frontage of eighty feet. Eighteen marble steps, extending the entire breadth of the building, lead to 

a portico which is supported by eight granite columns, thirty-two feet in height. The building extends 
two hundred feet in length along Nassau Street to Pine Street, where an entrance, similar to the one 
described above, but with only three ste]is, gives access to the building. Within i.s a rotunda, sixty feet in 
diameter, supported by sixteen columns, around which arc arrangetl the desks of the officials. 

On the step^ of the Wall Street entrance stands the bronze statue of George Washington, by J. Q. A. 
Ward, which was unveiled on November 25th, 1883. The statue is placed on the granite slab on which the 
Father of His Country stood while taking the oath of office as the first President of the United States, one- 
hundred years ago. This slab was taken from the balcony of the old Federal Hall, which was situated 
on the spot now occupied by the United States Sub-Treasury. 



M 



W^M f tvcct 

.^S been called the Lombard Street of New^ York. The time is not so verv distant when it will be 



tlie money market of the entire world. Wall Street proper runs from the East River to Broadway, 
giving a beautiful vista of Trinity Church and steeple. It is lined on both sides with imposing 
structures in marble and granite, among them being the Custom-House at Wall and William Streets, the 
Drexel Building, at Wall and Broad Streets, the Queen Insurance Company's structure, etc. During 
business hours Wall Street presents an interesting spectacle of bustle and activit}-. It is estimated that the 
monetary transactions in Wall Street exceed each day those of all tlie other financial exchanges in the 
country combined. What is generally called " the street," however, rovers a wider area. Several blocks 
around the thoroughfare are entirely occupied by bankers and brokers. 

The three leading characteristics of the Wall Street bulls and bears, which have been commented on by 
all foreign visitors to these shores, are : their good looks, their exquisite politeness, and their unexceptionable 
taste in dre.-is. 




:^*^^c. 










yiic J^toch i^xchixiuie 



fS situated on Broad Street, near Wall Street, with an entrance on the latter street near Broadway. The 
main building runs through to New Street, where another entrance is found. It is built of white 
marble, with columns and facings of granite, and is five stories high. It has a frontage of seventy 
feet on Broad Street and one hundred and sixt^-two feet on New Street. The board-room is one hundred 
and forty feet long, fifty-four feet broad, and fifty-five feet high. A gallery extending around three sides of 
the room is open to visitors during business hours, from lo a.m. to 3 p.m. On the floor are also telephone 
and telegraph offices, enclosed in a railing running along two sides of the room. The remainder of the 
building contains offices, etc., for the use of officers and members of the E,xchange. The safe deposit vaults 
in the basement are among the most extensive in the country. 

The membership of the Stock E.xchange is limited to one thousand one hundred. Tiie price of a seat, 
which entitles to all the privileges of the Exchange, averages about $30,000. 

The Stock Exchange has no chai ter. Tweed obtained a charter and offered it to the Exchange at a 
fabuloLis price. His offer was refused, and the Exchange has continued to do business without being 
incorporated. 



^hc gquitablc ^luildiuiv 



^||i\ HE Equitable Building was partially rebuilt and changed some years ago. It is situated at No. 120 
\J[/ Broadway, and is one of the most imjiosing business buildings in New York. It consists of a n.as- 
sive block of plain, unobtrusive construction, is built of white marble, and attracts the eye more 
through its gigantic proportions than through its beauty of architectural design. The top story is occupied 
by the United States Signal .Service, and on the ground Moor and in the basement is the already famous 
Savarin restaurant. 

The main entrance of the Ei|uitable Building is imposing, and the great hall with its numberless 
electric lights and elTcctive design is justly considered one of the finest in the country. 



'^hc '£omhs, 



/^^R City Prison, is situated in Centre Street, occupj-ing an entire square. The building is a beautiful 
>^^/ specimen of Egyptian architecture — probably the best existing out of Egypt. The principal 
entrance is on Centre Street, a flight of broad, dark stairs, overshadowed entirely by a sombre 
portico, supported by four gigantic columns. Within, the cells are arranged in tiers, one above the cither, 
with separate corridors. The Court of Special Sessions and a Police Court are also established in the 
building. Persons awaiting trial are imprisoned here, and convicted criminals are kept till their departure 
for the State Prison or their executioti in case they are condemned to death. 

Everything about the Tombs is gloomy : its name, its aspect, its entrance and interior, the very 
vicinity in which it is situated. Its site is a most unhappy one. The imposing building lays below the 
level of its immediate surroundings : Broadway and City Hall, and to this must be ascribed the fact that its 
noble architectural features are so little known, so seldom appreciated. The Tombs was erected in 1840. 



^t. WmiVs mnxvdx. 




''HE corner-stone of this Church was laid in 1764, and it was finished and dedicated two years later. 

It was the third church built in New York, and is to day the oldest edifice in the city, it having 

never been changed or rebuilt since its completion. 

It is situated on Broadway, between Vesey and Fulton Streets, wiih its frontage towards the North 

River, and its rear on Broadway, as the latter thoroughfare had no importance whatever at the time of its 

erection, and its steeple undoubtedly showed to better advantage when seen from the riverside. 

In the rear wall is a memorial tablet to General Richard Montgomery, the hero of the Quebec Expedi- 
tion, during the war of Independence. 

The main entrance is reached through the graveyard which surrounds the Churcli, and which contains 
the graves and monuments of many prominent men. 





ivauJ tu 




S^VDatUuavj — ^Ixjc ^siox grouse, 

'^JT^HE Astor House, erected in 1830 by John Jacob Astor, lies in the very centre of busy lower New 



|r? York, opposite the Post Office and the New York Herald building, and in the immediate vicinity 
of the City Hall, Wall Street, the exchanges, and "Newspaper Row." Broadway offers at this point an 
interesting spectacle. The thoroughfare is crowded with vehicles of every kind : cabs, drays, trucks, 
express-wagons, and horse-cars follow each other so closely that crossing the street would be an impossi- 
bility without the magic white-gloved hand of the stalwart policeman. No better idea can be formed of 
the immense traffic on Broadway during business hours than a look at the endless line of carriages of every 
kind caused by a block in the road. The sidewalks are thronged by a surging mass of pedestrians, 
rushing along at the greatest possible speed, looking neither to the right nor to the left, with haste depicted 
in every feature of their earnest countenances. A veritable net-work of telegraph and telephone wires, strung 
iM unsightly poles, runs overhead; southward of the Astor House, in the vicinity of th^f Western Union 
Building and Wall Street, this net actually seems to darken the sky. The street runs on, endless, lined 
with stately edifices — on the right City Hall Square, surrounded by the towering Tribune and Times 
Buildings, and bounded towards the north by the massive pile of white marble erected by A. T. Stewart 
on the corner of Broadway and Chambers Street, and presents an ever varying picture of the wealth, the 
enterprise and the ever increasing commerce of the great metropolis. The sex of the pedestrians changes 
slowly as the promenader proceeds northward. Down-town is almost exclusively given to men ; the upper 
part of Broadway, where the great drygoods houses are, is monopolized by women. From three till six in 
the afternoon, Broadway between 14th and 32nd Streets is crowded with ladies. Handsome carriages 
replace here the carts loaded with merchandise, and the air of intense application makes place for an 
atmosphere of ease, refinement and luxury. On a sunny spring day Broadway offers a view which can be 
rivalled nowhere else in the world for variety and interest. 



I 



City gall. 



fiHE cornei-stone of the City Hall was laid in 1803 by Edward Livingston, then Mayor of the City of 
New York. It was completed in 1812, at a cost of considerably over half a million dollars. At the 
time of its completion it was the most imposing building in the country. 

The building is two hundred and sixteen feet long and one hundred and five feet deep. Its architect- 
ure is both Ionian and Corinthian. The front, which is on the south-side of the building, and the side- 
walls are of white marble, quarried in Stockbridge, Mass. The rear wall is of dark brown stone. A 
cupola, containing a four-dial clock and surmounted by a statue of justice, finishes the edifice. This 
cupola is remarkable for its beautiful proportion to the building it crowns. 

The City Hall contains the Mayor's office, the Common Council Chamber, and other city offices, the 
City Library, and the Governor's room, situated on the second floor, and which contains the desk on which 
Washington wrote his first message to Congress, the chair he occupied in Federal Hall on the day of his 
inauguration, and the chairs used by the first Congress of the United States held in New York in 1789. 
The Governor's room contains also the valuable collection of portraits of many of the Mayors of the City, 
Governors of the State, and great heroes and commanders of the Revolution. 

Among the many great meetings held by the citizens of New York in City Hall Park, are : the im- 
mense meeting held on June 24th, 1812, which was presided over by Colonel Henry Rutgers, and at which 
it was resolved " to lay aside all animosity and private bickerings, and aid in constructing fortifications, ' 
and to organize for the defense of the city against the English foe; the meeting held on August 9th, 1813, 
called by Henry Rutgers and Oliver Olcott on the receipt of secret intelligence of a premeditated attack on 
the city by the English; and the meeting of April 20th, 1824, held as a protest against the resolution of the 
Senate, removing DeWitt Clinton from the office of Canal Commissioner. 

As the city grew larger and its centre was constantly placed farther north on the Island, City Hall Park 
was abandoned as the place for mass meetings, and replaced by Union Square, where all the great meetings 
were held during the Civil War. 



glcui Court Jjlouse. 



flHE new Court House in City Hall Park is constructed of white marble, a material which is in 
wonderful harmony with its Corinthian style of architecture. The building is two hundred and fifty 
feet long, one hundred and fifty feet broad, and three stories high. It is entered on Chambers 
Street by a flight of broad steps, through a portico of imposing proportions, borne by graceful pillars. The 
dome which will complete the building has not yet been erected. It will be two hundred and ten feet high 
and tower far above the cupola of the City Hall. The interior of the Court House is finished with the 
greatest care and magnificence, only iron having been used in its construction and hard woods in its 
decoration. Its erection cost the city an immense amount of money. The estimated cost was $250,000, 
but in 1871 $8,000,000 had been used, though the work was still incomplete. Seven-eighths of this sum 
were stolen by the members of the infamous Tweed ring. 

The State Courts and several of the City Departments are kept in the building. 



Sixi> f 0st mmct. 



flHE Post Ofiice was completed in the early part of 1875 and opened to the public September ist of the 
same year. Its style of architecture is a happy combination of the Doric and the Renaissance. 
Only granite, iron and brick have been used in the construction of the building, wliich is claimed to 
be the largest Post Office in the world. It is triangular in shape, the basis (two hundred and seventy- 
nine feet in length) facing the City Hall, and the apex (with a frontage of one hundred and forty-four feet) 
pointing southward, five stories high, and contains also a basement consisting of one immense hall, which 
is used for the sorting of mails. The various letter-boxes, delivery windows, oflfices for the sale of stamps, 
postal cards, etc., are on the ground floor, while the second floor is occupied by the Postmaster and the 
offices of his assistants. The third and fourth floors shelter the officers of the United States Courts. The 
fifth story is in the mansard roof and is used for storage. A sub-basement contains the steam engines 
for heating, running elevators, etc. About two thousand persons are regularly employed by the Post 
Office, which is an imp'jrtant factor in the receipt and distiibution of the mails of the whole country, and 
is in constant communication with nearly thirty-six thousand offices. The total cost of erection and 
equipment amounted to considerably over $7,000,000. 



ghe ^roahlyn fridge. 



f;HE Brooklyn Bridge was begun in the year 1870 and opened to the public on the twenty-fourth day 
of May, 1883. The designs were made by John A. Roebling, who died, however, before his plans 
could be carried out. His son, Washington A. Roebling, carried the great work to its completion. 
It is by far the longest suspension bridge in the world, being five thousand nine hundred and eighty-nine 
feet long, while the one nearest to it in length — the bridge at Kieft' — measures only two thousand five 
hundred and sixty-two feet. The Niagara Suspension Bridge, also the work of the elder Roebling, 
measure, one thousand two hundred and si.\ty-eight feet. The central span of the Brooklyn Bridge, from 
tower to tower, is one thousand five hundred and ninety-five and one-half feet long, the spans from the 
towers to anchorages each nine hundred and thirty feet long, while the approach on the New York side 
is one thousand five hundred and sixty-two and two-thirds feet in length, and the approach on the Brooklyn 
side is nine hundred and seventv-one feet. The towers stand two hundred and seveniy-six and two-thirds 
feet above high water, and rest on caissons constructed of )ellow timber. The bridge is one hundred and 
thirty-five feet above high water in the middle, thus leaving the water-road entirely free to even the largest 
ocean steamers. The four cables measure fifteen and three-quarter inches in diameter, and are composed 
of five thousand two hundred and ninety-six steel wires, each laid side by side, and bou^id together with other 
wires. Each one of these wires is three thousand five hundred feet long. The total length of the cables is three 
thousand seven hundred and fifty-five and one-half feet, and each one is estimated to bear a strain of twelve 
thousand two hundred tons. The anchorages weigh sixty thousand tons each. The pathway for pedes- 
trians is in the middle of the bridge, and on either side are the tracks for the cable cars and the carriages 
ways. It is estimated that since its opening in 1885, one hundred and twenty-two million two hundred 
and fifteen thousand persons have crossed the bridge. 

The total cost of erection, which was borne by the cities of New York and Brooklyn, amounted to 
$15,500,000. 



^glashiuiitou ^uildiug^ 



|R, as it is usually called, the Field building, was erected b_v Cyrus W. Field, on the site of the old 

Washington house, the headquarters successively of Sir William Howe and George Washington. 

The Washington is built of brick with grey-stone facings, and was until recent years a favorite resort in 

summer-time for diners-out, as an excellent restaurant was situated on its roof, from which an extensive 

view could be had of the harbor. Recently this open air resort has given place to a mansard roof which 

adds materially to the gigantic height of the building. 



glie ^stor |Cibrarii| 



*AS founded by the late John Jacob Astor, who left a bequest of $400,000 for that purpose. The 
library was incorporated on January 18th, 1849, Washington Irving being the president of the first 
board of trustees. 

The original building was opened on January 9th, 1854, with a library containing .seventy thousand 
volumes. It was enlarged in 1855, a piece of land having been donated to the library by the founder's son. 
William B. Astor. This second building was opened on September i, 1859. Early in 1881, John Jacob 
Astor, a grandson of the founder, donated an additional plot of ground, the present building being opened 
on October loth, 1S81. 

The library contains to-day about two hundred and fifty thousand volumes, exclusive of some fifteen 
thousand pamphlets. Files of three hundred periodicals can be consulted in its reading room,';. 

The Astor Library is, in many regards, to America what the British Museum Library is to England. 
It is pre-eminently a library for scholars. Science and art, history and literature, are represented on its 
shelves by all that has any importance on these subjects. 

The value of the rare MSS. and early books in the possession of the Astor Library is estimated at 
$100,000. The value of the estate of the institution is $2,000,000. 



OSrucc d^huiclx 



?r' ~;J^AS erected in 1845 ^' Broadway and loth Street. It is in pure Gothic style ; the material used 
IP3/ in its construction is a white lime-stone. The graceful spire, which was erected in 1885, is of 
marble. Adjoining the church on the south side is a chapel, known as the chantry, which is used for 
daily services. This chantry, the architecture of which is in perfect harmony with the beautiful lines of the 
larger building, was erected by the late Miss Catherine Wolfe. The parsonage, also in Gothic style, stands 
north of the church, back from Broadway. Church and parsonage are connected by a small building, 
which is used as a vestry, clergy-house, etc. It contains also a library and reading-room, which are open 
to the members of the church. On the open plot in front of the vestry, stands a gigantic earthen jar, ex- 
cavated in Rome. 

Back of the church, on Fourth Avenue, is a day-nursery destined for the reception of young children 
during the hours their mothers are at work. This day-nursery, a white marble Gothic building, is known as 
the Grace Memorial Home. It was erected by Mr. Levi P. Morton, in memory of his wife. 

The interior of the church is tastefully decorated, and the tempered light falling through the stained- 
glass windows heightens the imposing, solemn impression it makes. The choir is one of the best in New 
York City, and the two organs, which can be simultaneously played by means of electricity, are widely 
known. 

Grace Chapel on East 14th Street, near Third Avenue, belongs also to the Parish. 
The old site of Grace Church was at the corner of Broadway and Rector Street. It is the richest cor 
poration of the Protestant Episcopal denomination in the United States, next to Trinity Parish. 



Muiou Square gavU 



/^^ OVERS about three and one-half acres of ground, and contains some very fine trees. In summer it 
\^^ is a veritable oasis to the weary wanderer who espies this deliciously cool and shadowy nook from 
the dusty, glaring, burning desert of the surrounding streets. A fountain in the middle of the 
park sends up a refreshing spray of water, and the basin in which it stands contains some rare specimens of 
exotic pond-lilies, and is surrounded by a border of carefully trained plants. On the 17th Street side of the 
l>ark is the cottage,' with a balcony for the review of parades and used as a platform for the speakers at mass 
meetings. In front of this balcony is a row of many colored gas-lamps, which are lighted only on special 
occasions. 

On the southeast corner of the park is the equestrian statue of George Washington, Browne's master- 
piece, erected in 1856, and facing Broadway is Bartholdi's statue of Lafayette. On the southwest corner of 
the square stands the statue of Abraham Lincoln, also by Browne, and which is said to reflect the whole 
being of the martyred president with rare fidelity. 

On the west side of the park is the drinking-fountain presented to the city by Mr. -D. W. James. 

Union Square was a fashionable neighborhood for private residences twenty years ago. It is now 
surrounded entirely by business buildings and hotels. The Everett House, Hotel Dam, Hotel Hungaria, 
Union Square Hotel, and IVIorton House, all front on Union Square, while the Clarendon is immediately 
near it on Fourth Avenue. The Union Square Theatre, which was burned down in 1888, has been rebuilt 
and reopened to the public. A peculiar feature of the square is the part of 14th Street between Broadway 
and Fourth Avenue. This part has been named "The Rialto, " and is the favorite meeting-place of actors 
in search of engagements. 

Among the world-renowned business houses on Union Square are Messrs. Tiffany & Co., Sarony, the 
photographer, the Singer Sewing Machine Co., and Brentano's. 



piadisou J^quav^ 



:!^S bounded by Bioadwa)-, Madison Avenue, 2 3 id and 26th Streets. The park covers an area of about 
*j| six acres, and abounds .with line shade trees. In summer it is a favorite play-ground of the children 
~ living in the vicinity, while its comfortable seats invite many loungers of the better classes to a quiet 
rest on their way across the square. The green lawns are gay with multicolored flower-beds, laid out in 
the prevalent fashion of those geometrical designs which remind the beholder so strongly of iarles aux con- 
fitures. This similarity is probably the cause of the favor they find with the public. 

A large fountain forms the centre of the park, at whose southwest corner, near Broadway, is situated 
the statue of William H. Seward by Randolph Rogers, which was presented to the city in 1876 by a 
number of ardent admirers of the statesman. Mr. Seward is represented seated in a senatorial chair, the 
•olds of his cloak thrown over its back forming the drapery. At the northwest corner of the park, near 
Fifth Avenue, is the statue of Admiral Farragut, modeled by St. Gaudens. This statue is considered to be, 
with Browne's equestrian statue of Washington on Union Square, the best specimen of the sculptor's art 
possessed by the city. A monument erected to the memory of Major-General Worth, a hero of the Mexican 
war, stands oppo-iite the park at the junction of Broadway and Fifth Avenue. 

The Madison Avenue and 26th Street sides of Madison Square are entirely occupied by princely 
mansions, but the 23rd Street and Broadway sides are devoted to trade, restaurants and hotels. Among 
the latter are; the Fifth .\venue Hotel, an immense pile of white marble, on the northwest corner of 23rd 
Street and Broadway, the Hotel Bartholdi on the southeast corner of the same thoroughfares, the Albemarle 
at Broadway and 24th Street, the Hoffman House at Broadway and 26th Street, and the Brunswick at Fifth 
Avenue and 26th Street. 

Several clubs, art galleries and theatres are in the immediate neighborhood of Madison Square. 

Madison Square Theatre is at 4 West 24th Street, the Fifth Avenue Theatre at Broadway and 28th 
Street, Daly's at 30th Street and Broadway, and Palmer's (the old Wallack) Theatre, opposite the latter in 
the same thoroughfare. 






ir r, _ I, IL iL 4,^-— ^'iirrii 





gitc ||tetra:poTitan #:pcra IJause. 

fiHE Metropolitan Opera House is situated on Broadway, occupying the block between 39th and 40th 
Streets and between Broadway and Seventh Avenue. The material used in its composition is pressed 
~ buff-brick, with dressings of terra-cotta, its style of architecture Italian Renaissance. The auditorium 
of the Metropolitan Opera House, which has been built on the plan of La Scala in Milan, is said to be the 
laro-est in the world, having a seating capacity of three thousand. La Scala only seats a little over two 
thousand one hundred, and the Paris Opera House only two thousand and ninety-two. The boxes at the 
Metropolitan — of which there are one hundred and twenty-two — are provided with every comfort, each one 
connecting with a salon, where refreshments may be served, visits received, etc. The stage is ninety-six feet 
wide, seventy-six feet deep and one hundred and twenty feet high. The foyer is arranged in such a manner 
that it can also be used as a concert or lecture-room, an adjoining parlor serving as stage. The building 
is absolutely fireproof, brick and iron having been used exclusively in its composition. The presentations 
at the Metropolitan Opera House are famous the world over for the beauty of the scenery and dresses ; the 
mechanical appointments are marvellous, and the total cost of a single production is almost incredible. 
The house was opened in the fall of 1883. 



draud Cciitvul gje;|Jot, 



fS situated between Park Avenue and Vanderbilt Avenue, and extends three blocks to the north from 
42nd Street. It is the terminus of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad, the New York, 
New Haven and Hartford Railroad, and the New York and Harlem Railroad. 

It is built of red brick and iron, from three to five stories high, two hundred and forty feet wide, and 
six hundred and ninety-five feet long. The arch which covers the space for incoming and outgoing trains, 
is constructed of iron and glass It has a single span, over two hundred feet broad, and is one hundred 
and ten feet high, and six hundred and ninety-five feet long. Twelve trains can be admitted into the great 
car-house side by side. 

The offices of the three railways which terminate lieve are situated op. the west and south sides of the 
building. The New Haven and Hartford line's waiting-rooms antl ticket offices are on the south end in 
42nd Street, and the New York and Harlem road's entrance is on Vanderbilt Avenue, where are also the 
offices of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad. 

Numerous coal-sheds, repair shops, car-houses, etc., adjoin the main building. 

About one hundred and twenty-five trains arrive and depart daily at and from the Grand Central 
Depot, which is the only railway station on Manhattan Island, the old Hudson River Railroad Station at 
30th Street and Tenth Avenue being used for local and suburban trains only. 

The building contains further : a police station, a restaurant, and a barber shop, which are situated in 
tlie basement. 



J)t. gatvicU^s Cathedval 

WAS projected by Bishop Hughes. The designs were drawn by James Renwick in 1850. The 
corner-stone was laid on August 15, 1858, and the spires, three hundred and thirty feet high, 
were finished in 1889. The total cost of building has been nearly $3,000,000. 

The Cathedral is not only the noblest church edifice in the New World, it is also one of the finest 
specimens of ornamental Gothic architecture extant. 

The ground plan is in the usual form of a Latin cross, and the building is entirely constructed of 
white marble, with a base-course of granite. 

The interior length of the church is three hundred and six feet. The nave and choir are one hundred 
and twenty feet broad, to which must be added twenty-four feet for the chapels. The transept is one 
hundred and forty feet long, with a height of one hundred and eight feet. The side-aisles are fifty-four 
feet high. The Central Gable on Fifth Avenue is one hundred and sixty-six feet high. 

The interior of the church is lighted by seventy windows, thirty-seven of which are memorial windows 
presented by parishes in different parts of the country, and by private individuals. The organ gallery is 
made of ash, and placed in the nave between the towers. The high-altar is of white Italian marble, inlaid 
with precious stones. The panels are decorated with the Divine Passion in bas-relief. The tabernacle 
over the altar is also of white marble, richly adorned with precious stones, and with a beautifully decorated 
door of gilt bronze. The altar of the Blessed Virgin is of carved French walnut, St. Joseph's altar of 
marble and mosaic, and the altar of the Sacred Heart of bronze. The altar of the Holy Family is of white 
marble, with a painting of the Holy Family by Costazzini hanging over it. The reredos is of Caen stone. 

The Cathedral has a seating capacity of two thousand six hundred worshippers, and the aisles offer 
standing-room for as many more. It was dedicated by Cardinal McCloskey on Sunday, May 27, 1879. 



I 



I^'ifth ^uewxxjc 



"pS the aristocratic quarter of New York. From its beginning at Washington Square till the Park it offers 
a two unbroken lines of stately buildings. The part above the Park runs to 150th Street and the 
Harlem River in one straight, unbroken line. The most different styles of architecture are represented — 
Dutch, English, French, Gothic, Renaissance, etc. — and sometimes skillfully united in one structure. 
Mansard roofs, Dutch windows and weather-cocks, turrets, towers and belvederes bring endless variety in 
the view. The mansions are mostly built of brown stone and marble — among the latter being especially 
noticeable the^Stewart house, at 34th Street, and the home of Mr. W. K. Vanderbiltat 53rd Street. Other 
remarkable buildings on Fifth Avenue are : the residence of the late Edward Cooper at Washington Square ; 
the quaint Gothic house of James Leno.x; the home of Mr. Belmont, with a picture-gallery in an extension 
on 1 8th Street; the Astor mansions; the house of Mr. Cornelius Vanderbilt, etc. The double residence of 
the late Mr. W. H. Vanderbilt, at 52nd Street, can rightly be called a palace. 

Among the many churches which embellish this thoroughfare are: the superb Cathedral at 51st Street, 
the Reformed Dutch Church at 48th Street, in Gothic style, with a beautiful tower, two hundred and 
seventy feet high, in which hangs the old "Silver-toned Bell" brought from Holland in 1731; Temple 
Emanuel at 43rd Street, St. Thomas's Church at 53rd Street, and the Presbyterian Church at 55th Street. 

The Manhattan Club is at 96 Fifth Avenue ; the Calumet Club at No. 267 ; the St. Nicholas Club at 
No. 415; and the American Yacht Club at No. 547. At the corners of 21st Street are the Union and 
Lotos Clubs. The New York Club is situated at the corner of 26th Street. The Knickerbocker Club's 
handsome quarters are at 32nd Street, and the Union League Club is situated on the northeast corner of 
39th Street. 

Delmonico's, the Brunswick, the Victoria and Windsor Hotels are also on Fifth Avenue. 




Wl WT'MIIfiBir 




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gvoutUiniy 



I^OEGINS at the Batleiy and Bowling Green, wliich is the oldest spot in New York City, and was first 
J^) laid out by the Dutch settlers in memory of the village greens in their native country. In colonial 
times Bowling Green was situated in the centre of the aristocratic part of the town. 
Broadway is five miles long, terminating at Central Park. It is the central thoroughfare of the 
metropolis, the artery of its commercial life. 

Among the notable buildings on Broadway are the Welles Building, the United Bank Building, the 
New York Life Insurance Building, the Metropolitan Hotel Building, and Stewart's gigantic iron block. 
The St. James Hotel, the Gilsey House, the Sturtevant House, the Aberdeen, the Cumberland, the Gedney 
House, and numerous other hotels, are situated on Broadway. 



She (DbjelisU. 



fiHE Obelisk was presented to the City of New York in 1877 by the late Ismail Pasha, Khedive of 
Egypt, and transferred to this city by Lieutenant-Commander H. H. Gorringe, of the United States 
~ Navy. It stands in Central Park near the Metropolitan Museum, and is undoubtedly the oldest 
work of man in this country. Erected by Thutmes III., about fifteen hundred years B. C, this monolith 
has seen the birth of Moses and been a witness of the flight into Eg\pt. It has been gazed upon by the 
Crusaders, and the victorious hosts of Napoleon have wondered at the signs and tokens on its sides. 

The Obelisk is covered with hieroglyphics which tell a lengthy story of warfare, glory and conquest. 
The top, which is shaped like a pyramid, was originally covered with shining bronze. The extremes of heat 
and cold of this climate affected the stone which had for ages withstood the burning heat of Egypt's plain, 
and small particles of it began to pilver off. A special preparation of paraflSne, however, has been dis- 
covered which counteracts the ruinous effects of the American weather completely. 



I 



Central gavh— ghc ^M 



'^^Tf^HE Mall is one of the chief attractions of Central Park. It is about one-third of a mile long, very 
\±j/ broad, and shaded by tall, stately elms. It leads from the Marble Arch to the Terrace and is a 
fiivorite resort with the numerous daily visitors to the park, as it offers an open view of a great 
stretch of meadow, wood, and driveway. Almost at any hour of the day it is filled with promenaders, 
hut on Sunday and Wednesday afternoons, when concerts are given in the music tent situated near the 
northern end of the Mall, every inch of space on the many benches is occupied, while the throng of those 
who slowly walk around the stand numbers thousands. Opposite the music tent is a superb bronze bust of 
Ludwig von Beethoven. On both sides of the walk, under the spreading branches of the trees, are ranged 
the statues of Robert Burns and Sir Waiter Scott, facing each other near the southern end of the Mall, the 
statues of Fitz-Greene Halleck and of Shakespeare, and an ideal figure, "The Indian Hunter," which is 
situated a little to the west of the Mall. 



I 



Central ^arU 



WAS laid out in 1S54, under the directions of Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, who 
designed and arranged the marvellous landscape effects, and of C. Vaux and J. W. Mould, 
who supervised its architectural features. The park, which occupies eight hundred and forty-three acres, 
and extends from 59th to i loth Streets and froni Fifth to Eighth Avenues, is entered through eighteen gates 
which will some day in the future have allegoric arches illustrative of their names : Scholar's Gate, Artist's Gate, 
Woman's Gate, etc. It contains nine miles of carriage-ways, five miles of hridle-paths, more than twenty- 
eight miles of foot-paths, six lakes and ponds covering forty-three acres, forty- eight bridges and tunnels, 
thirty buildings, and seats for more than ten thousand visitors. A ball ground has been set apart for boys 
in the southwestern part of the Park, and the Green, a fine meadow of sixteen acres, to the north of the 
ball ground, is opened to the public once a week. The Carousel near the Sixth Avenue entrance is also 
reserved for children, and contains Merry-go-rounds, Swings, etc. 

Among the notable buildings in Central Park are : the Belvedere, situated on the highest part of the 
Park, consisting of a stone tower, about fifty feet in height; the Casino, with a restaurant attached to it, 
the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Natural History, and the Menagerie, usually known as 
the Arsenal, which contains an almost daily increasing collection of birds and animals. 

Besides those standing on the Mall, the Park is embellished by statues of Simon Solivar, near the West 
8ist Street entrance; Hamilton, near the Museum, Prof. S. F. B. Morse, near the Fifth Avenue aud 72nd 
Street entrance; Webster at 72nd' Street and West Drive; busts of Alexander von Humboldt at the 57th 
Street and Fifth Avenue entrance; Mazzini, on the West Drive near 72nd Street; Schiller, in the Ramble, and 
ideal figures of: Commerce, near the Eighth Avenue and 59th Street entrance; The Pilgrim, near the Lake; 
The Seventh Regiment, on the West Drive near 72nd Street, and the Still Hunt, on a rock overlooking the 
East Drive. The Obelisk stands near the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 



ghe '5^^^^^"y S'^''"^'''^^'^*^^^ 



I^ T Madison Avenue and 72nd Street, is one of the largest private dwellings in the city. It towers 
t^\ far above the surrounding residences, and even if it be not a thing of beauty it is most decidedly 
one of the sights of New York. 



ghe pletvopoUtau pluscxim 

/^^F Art is situated in Central Park ne^r 83rd Street. The building now standing is only a part of the 
\^/ projected edifice. It is two hundred and eighteen feet long, and ninety-five feet broad, built of 
red brick and sandstone, in Gothic style. 

Among the notable features of the collection in the Museum, are . the Di Cesnola collection of Cyprian 
iniiquities ; archaeological objects from Peru, Central America and Mexico ; Mr. Huntingdon's collection of 
medals, coins and prints, relating to George Washington and Benjamin Franklin: collections of Egyptian 
antiquities and of Japanese art; and Dr. William H. Ward's collection of Assyrian and Babylonian antiquities. 

Among the paintings in the Museum are: Meissonier's 1807, given to the Museum by Mr. Henry 
Hdton : the Horse Fair, by Rose Bonlieur, presented by Mr. Cornelius Vanderbilt ; a Sir Joshua Reynolds, 
presented by Mr. J. S. Morgan ; paintings by DetaHle, Piloty, LeroUe, and the collections of paintings by 
celebrated modern artists, presented bvMiss Catherine Lorillard Wolfe. 

Notable among the works of old masters in the Museum, are : Rubens's Return of the Holy Family, 
and a Lion Chasing Deer, by the same artist ; two Van Dycks, an Alexander and Diogenes by Gaspard de 
Crayer ; works of Van Ostade, Frans Hals, Singelbach and many others. The Spanish school is represented 
by a Murillo and a Velasquez. 

Another notable feature of the Museum is a collection of casts of all the notable works of sculpture in 
the world, ancient and modern. 

The Museum is closed on Sundavs. 




W. ' 




Eleuatcd Bititvoad 



"^p^HE Elevated Railroad, at i loth Street and Eighth Avenue, is one of the most daring accomplishments 
XlD^ of engineering skill. It rises to an elevation of sixty-three feet above the street, and its light 
and elegant though solid construction, strengthens the impression made by the trains speeding on far 
overhead. It has been necessary to provide an elevator at the station on this point, as most passengers 
objected very earnestly against the endless stairs which lead to the platform. 

Ferdinand de Lesseps, probably the greatest and undoubtedly the most daring engineer of this century, 
the man to whose genius the world is indebted for the Suez Canal, expressed his admiration of this structure 
tersely and enthusiastically, by simply ejaculating three times in rapid succession the word "audacious." 

This point of the road is reached by the Sixth Avenue line, which begins at the Battery, and runs 
through Church Street, West Broadway, South Fifth .\venue, and Amity Street to Sixth Avenue. 
This road extends to iioth Street, where it turns into Eighth Avenue, at the point described above. The 
stations on the Sixth Avenue line are very graceful, and were built from designs made by J. F. Cropsey, 
the well-known landscape painter. 

The different lines of the Manhattan Railway Company carry daily the stupendous number of five 
hundred thousand passengers, or nearly one hundred and eighty-three millions a year. 



She ilauavvo inats 



/^!^R Central Park Apartment Houses, are situated at 59th Street and Seventh Avenue. They consist of 
\^i/ a group of tall buildings, united under one architectural plan. They are nine stories high, fully 
fire-proof, and built in the French chateau style, with turrets and gables, arches and bay-windows, 
and tall, picturesque chimney stacks. All open on one inner court. The several buildings of which this 
group is composed, are separately known as the Madrid, the Cordova, the Granada, etc. The Navarro Flats, 
it is said, form the largest apartment house in the world. 

Among the other notable apartment houses in New York, are : the Florence, at the corner of Fourth 
.Avenue and i8th Street; the Dakota, at Eighth Avenue and 72nd Street; the Hoffman Arms, at 59tli Street 
and Madison Avenue; the Chelsea, in West 23rd Street near Seventh Avenue; the Sirathmore, on Broadway 
and 52nd Street, and the Delmonico, at 79th Street near Second Avenue. 



9C 

^5^^ ROSSES the Harlem River at i7Sth Street. It is one hundred and si.xteen feet above the surface of 
^^^y the River, is one thousand four hundred and sixty feet long, and is supported by thirteen arches. 
The Croton .-Aqueduct is cayied across the river over this bridge, the water running through large 
iron pipes. On the left side of the river is the high-service tower with its engine-house, which forces the 
water to the proper level for the supply of the upper parts of the citw 

High Bridge is a favorite place for excursionists in the summer. It offers a beautiful view up and down 
the river, is surrounded by a charming landscape, and the air is always deliciously cool and pure. Several 
hotels and restaurants are situated on both sides of the river. The bridge may be reached per Ninth 
.\venue Elevated Railroad, or by boats connecting with the Third Avenue road at 129th Street. 



, 



CSeucval ("jraut's 5'omb 



TyS situated in Riverside Park on a hill overlooking the Riverside Drive and the Hudson River. This 
l\ part of the park is known as Claremont, the name being derived from the Claremont Mansion, which 
was erected by Lord Clare, a royal colonial governoi'. 

The tomb is constructed of red and black brick, with blue stone ornaments, and is surmounted by a 
capstone of the same material. A cross crowns the mausoleum. Building and cross together are eighteen 
feet high. The doors are of oak, four feet wide and six feet high, with bronze trimmings and fastenings. 

When the doors are open, a free view can be had of the interior of the tomb and its contents, an iron 
railing dividing the pilgrim to this shrine of patriotic America from the coffin, which rests on two stone 
piers in the middle of the tomb. The floor is four feet below the level of the ground, and is reached by 
three stone steps. The vault is made of glazed bricks. 

The casket is composed of a polished copper inner coffin, enclosed in a leaden one, which is in turn 
contained in a box of red cedar, covered with purple velvet. This outer casket is adorned with solid silver 
ornaments and handles of tasteful design. 

The inside trimmings are of light cream satin, with a pillow of the same material, on which the initials 
U. S. G. are embroidered. The top of the casket is of plate glass, and opens at full length. 

The present tomb is only the temporary resting-place of the hero who saved the Union. A monument 
will be erected on this site which will be worthy alike of the great American people and of Ulysses S. Grant, 
lo whom it owes the unprecedented prosperity it now enjoys, w-hich is the Child of Peace. 

The park can be reached by the Sixth Avenue Elevated Railway, or by coaches which connect with 
the Fifth Avenue stages at 72nd Street. 




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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



014 221 674 7 ' 





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